{"id":131,"date":"2025-04-04T07:06:24","date_gmt":"2025-04-04T07:06:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kingstatue.com\/?p=131"},"modified":"2025-04-04T07:06:24","modified_gmt":"2025-04-04T07:06:24","slug":"how-django-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kingstatue.com\/?p=131","title":{"rendered":"How Django Works?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Django is a high-level Python web framework<\/strong> that follows the Model-View-Template (MVT)<\/strong> architectural pattern. It is designed to help developers build clean, secure and scalable web applications quickly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How Django Works?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Django handles HTTP requests<\/strong> and responses<\/strong> using the following process:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Client Sends Request:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A user enters a URL in the browser and sends request (e.g., https:\/\/example.com\/home).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Django URL Dispatcher:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Django’s URL dispatcher (urls.py) maps the request to the corresponding view function<\/strong>
Django URL dispatcher (urls.py) checks to find a matching URL pattern<\/strong>.
If a match is found, Django calls the corresponding view function<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

View (function) Processes the Request<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

It processes the request
The view retrieves data from the model<\/strong> (database) if needed.
Processes the logic
It passes the data to a template<\/strong> (HTML page, JSON data, etc).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Template Rendering:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The template dynamically generates the HTML content.
If the response requires an HTML page, Django loads the Template<\/strong> (.html file) and injects dynamic data into it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Response Sent to the User<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The generated response (HTML, JSON, etc.) is sent back to the user\u2019s browser.
Django Project Directory Structure<\/strong>
When you create a Django project using: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

django-admin startproject myproject<\/strong><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
A directory named myproject\/ is created with the following structure:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
myproject\/\n\u2502\u2500\u2500 manage.py\n\u2502\u2500\u2500 templates (Django template files html files are stored in this directory)\n\u2502\u2500\u2500 db.sqlite3\n\u2502\u2500\u2500 myproject\/  # Main project package\n\u2502   \u2502\u2500\u2500 __init__.py\n\u2502   \u2502\u2500\u2500 settings.py\n\u2502   \u2502\u2500\u2500 urls.py\n\u2502   \u2502\u2500\u2500 asgi.py\n\u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 wsgi.py\n\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 app_name\/  (Created when running `startapp`)\n    \u2502\u2500\u2500 migrations\/\n    \u2502\u2500\u2500 __init__.py\n    \u2502\u2500\u2500 admin.py\n    \u2502\u2500\u2500 apps.py\n    \u2502\u2500\u2500 models.py\n    \u2502\u2500\u2500 tests.py\n    \u2502\u2500\u2500 views.py\n    \u2502\u2500\u2500 tests.py\n    \u2502\u2500\u2500 templates\/\n    \u2502\u2500\u2500 static\/\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 urls.py  (Manually created for app-specific routes)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Explanation of Important Files<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
1. manage.py<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • A command-line tool to run the Django project.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Used for running the server, creating apps, applying migrations, managing users, etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Example commands:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    python manage.py runserver   # Start the development server\npython manage.py makemigrations   # Create migration files\npython manage.py migrate   # Apply migrations to the database\npython manage.py createsuperuser  # Create an admin user<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    2. myproject\/ (Main Project Folder)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    a) __init__.py<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • An empty file that tells Python to treat this directory as a package.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      A module<\/strong> is simply a Python file (.py<\/code>)<\/strong> that contains functions, classes, or variables<\/strong>. It allows code to be logically organized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      Create a file named math_utils.py<\/code>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      # math_utils.py\n\ndef add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\ndef subtract(a, b):\n    return a - b\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      Using the Module in Another File<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      # main.py\nimport math_utils\n\nprint(math_utils.add(5, 3))      # Output: 8\nprint(math_utils.subtract(5, 3)) # Output: 2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      You can also import specific functions:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      from math_utils import add\nprint(add(10, 20))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      A package<\/strong> is a directory that contains a collection of modules and a special file named __init__.py<\/code><\/strong> (can be empty). It allows you to organize related modules together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      my_package\/\n\u2502\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 __init__.py\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 math_utils.py\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 string_utils.py\n\nmath_utils.py<\/strong>\n\ndef multiply(a, b):\n    return a * b\n\nstring_utils.py<\/strong>\n\ndef greet(name):\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nUsing the Package in a Script<\/strong>\n\n# main.py\nfrom my_package import math_utils, string_utils\n\nprint(math_utils.multiply(3, 4))       # Output: 12\nprint(string_utils.greet(\"Krishna\"))   # Output: Hello, Krishna!\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      b) settings.py<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Main configuration file for the Django project.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Contains settings for:\n
          \n
        • Database Configuration<\/strong> (DATABASES)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Installed Apps<\/strong> (INSTALLED_APPS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Middleware<\/strong> (MIDDLEWARE)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Templates Configuration<\/strong> (TEMPLATES)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Static and Media Files<\/strong> (STATIC_URL, MEDIA_URL)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          c) urls.py<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • Defines URL routing patterns for the project.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            from django.contrib import admin\nfrom django.urls import path, include\nurlpatterns = [\n    path('admin\/', admin.site.urls),\n    path('app1\/', include('app1.urls')),  # Include app1's URLs ]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            d) asgi.py & wsgi.py<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • wsgi.py<\/strong>: Entry point for WSGI applications. Used for deploying Django projects on production servers. (WSGI servers e.g., Gunicorn, uWSGI))<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • asgi.py<\/strong>: Entry point for ASGI applications for async operations (WebSockets, real-time applications)..<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              3. db.sqlite3 (Database)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • Default SQLite database file.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Can be changed to PostgreSQL, MySQL, or other databases<\/strong> in settings.py.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                4. app1\/ (Django App)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                Each Django project can have multiple apps<\/strong>, each responsible for a specific functionality and an app has its own structure:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • migrations\/<\/strong> \u2192 Stores database migration files (generated by makemigrations)..<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • models.py<\/strong> \u2192 Defines the database models (tables) using Django ORM<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • views.py<\/strong> \u2192 Contains logic for handling user requests and handles the logic for rendering webpages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • urls.py<\/strong> (manually created) \u2192 Defines URLs specific to the app.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • admin.py<\/strong> \u2192 Registers models for Django’s admin panel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • apps.py<\/strong> \u2192 Defines configuration for the app.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • tests.py<\/strong> \u2192 Contains test cases for the app.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • templates\/ (HTML Files)<\/strong> Stores HTML templates for rendering dynamic webpages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • static\/ (CSS, JS, Images)<\/strong> Stores static files like CSS, JavaScript, and images.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  Creating a Simple Django App<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                  Create a Django project:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                  django-admin startproject myshop\ncd myshop<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                  Create an app:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                  python manage.py startapp testapp<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                  Define a model (models.py<\/code> in myapp\/<\/code>)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                  from django.db import models\n\nclass Book(models.Model):\n    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)\n    author = models.CharField(max_length=50)\n    published_date = models.DateField()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                  Create and apply migrations:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                  python manage.py makemigrations myapp\npython manage.py migrate<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                  Define a view (views.py<\/code> in myapp\/<\/code>)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                  from django.http import HttpResponse\n\ndef home(request):\n    return HttpResponse(\"Hello, Django!\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                  Map URL to the view (urls.py<\/code> in myapp\/<\/code>)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                  from django.urls import path\nfrom .views import home\n\nurlpatterns = [\n    path('', home),\n]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                  Include app URLs in the main project (urls.py<\/code> in myproject\/<\/code>)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                  from django.contrib import admin\nfrom django.urls import path, include\n\nurlpatterns = [\n    path('admin\/', admin.site.urls),\n    path('', include('myapp.urls')),\n]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                  Run the server<\/strong>:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                  python manage.py runserver<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
                  Visit<\/strong> http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/<\/code> in your browser to see “Hello, Django!”<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                  Summary<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  1. Django is a powerful and structured framework that simplifies web development with its built-in functionalities<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  2. Django<\/strong> follows the MVT (Model-View-Template)<\/strong> architecture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  3. The project directory<\/strong> is neatly organized into::\n
                      \n
                    • manage.py (Project management tool)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • settings.py (Configuration)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • urls.py (URL routing)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • models.py (Database models)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • views.py (Business logic)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • templates\/ (HTML files)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • static\/ (CSS, JS, images)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • A Django project can have multiple apps<\/strong>, each managing a specific functionality.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • The app-level directories<\/strong> (handling models, views, and templates). Understanding this structure helps in building and managing scalable Django applications efficiently.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                      <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                      Django is a high-level Python web framework that follows the Model-View-Template (MVT) architectural pattern. It is designed to help developers build clean, secure and scalable web applications quickly. How Django…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[42,48,55,59,74,79,81,82],"class_list":["post-131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-django","tag-controller","tag-django","tag-model","tag-mvt","tag-sqlite","tag-template","tag-url","tag-view"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kingstatue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kingstatue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kingstatue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kingstatue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kingstatue.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=131"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kingstatue.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kingstatue.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kingstatue.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kingstatue.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}